Archaeologists have made significant strides in unraveling the mystery surrounding two lead coffins discovered beneath Notre-Dame Cathedral in early 2022. This discovery, made during restoration efforts following a devastating fire in 2019, has captivated both the public and the academic community. The lead coffins, which are known for their ability to preserve remains, indicated that their occupants were likely high-status individuals from French society.
Significance of the Discovery
The excavation revealed two lead sarcophagi, a material traditionally reserved for the elite due to its moisture-repelling properties. Lead coffins have been historically associated with notable figures, including Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain, showcasing their importance in funerary practices. The presence of these coffins beneath Notre-Dame suggests that the individuals buried there held considerable social standing, prompting archaeologists to investigate their identities further.
Identification of Antoine de la Porte
Through meticulous research, archaeologists identified one of the coffins as belonging to Antoine de la Porte, a high priest who passed away in 1710 at the age of 83. An inscription on his coffin provided crucial information about his identity and status. Analysis of his remains indicated a sedentary lifestyle and good dental health, characteristics that align with someone of his rank and age during that period.
The Mystery of “The Horseman”
The second coffin contained the remains of a man in his 30s, nicknamed “the horseman” due to skeletal deformities suggesting he was an experienced rider. For nearly two years, researchers struggled to ascertain his identity until they proposed a likely candidate: Joachim du Bellay, a renowned French Renaissance poet who died in 1560. This identification is based on both historical records and physical evidence from the remains.
Clues Linking Du Bellay to the Coffin
Several factors led researchers to connect the horseman’s remains to du Bellay. His documented equestrian skills included a remarkable journey from Paris to Rome despite suffering from tuberculosis. Eric Crubézy, a biological anthropologist involved in the research, highlighted du Bellay’s health issues that paralleled those observed in the horseman’s skeleton, such as chronic meningitis linked to bone tuberculosis.
Historical Context of Du Bellay’s Burial
Historical records indicate that du Bellay was interred in Notre-Dame’s Saint-Crépin chapel. However, excavations conducted in 1758 did not uncover his bones, leading scholars to speculate that his remains may have been relocated at a later date—possibly around 1569—after he gained literary prominence with the publication of his complete works.
Skepticism Among Scholars
Despite compelling evidence supporting this identification, not all experts are convinced. Archaeologist Christophe Besnier pointed out that isotope analysis of the horseman’s teeth suggests he grew up in either Paris or Lyon, while du Bellay was born in Anjou. However, Crubézy countered this argument by noting that du Bellay spent significant time in Paris under the care of his relative Jean du Bellay, who was associated with the city’s ecclesiastical hierarchy.
Archaeological Insights from Excavations
The excavations at Notre-Dame not only revealed these significant burials but also uncovered over 1,000 fragments of the cathedral’s rood screen—a decorative element that once separated the choir from the nave. These artifacts will aid in restoring Notre-Dame to its former glory as it prepares for reopening on December 8, 2024.
Continuing Research and Restoration Efforts
Ongoing research aims to uncover more details about both individuals buried within these lead coffins. Scientists hope to analyze dietary habits and further investigate health conditions through advanced imaging techniques. The restoration of Notre-Dame is expected to be completed soon after years of dedicated work following its tragic fire.
A Complex History
The identification of Joachim du Bellay as “the horseman” alongside Antoine de la Porte enriches our understanding of historical burial practices and societal structures during France’s Renaissance period. As restoration efforts continue at Notre-Dame Cathedral, these discoveries not only shed light on individual lives but also enhance our appreciation for this iconic landmark’s complex history.
References:
Archaeologists Say They’ve Solved the Mystery of a Lead Coffin Discovered Beneath Notre-Dame
Notre Dame’s Lead Coffin Burials Examined
